以人为中心的生产单元人因失误仿真实例研究

• 论文 •

以人为中心的生产单元人因失误仿真实例研究

张晓冬，杨育，郭波

重庆大学机械工程学院，重庆 400030

收稿日期:2005-12-09 修回日期:2006-01-04 出版日期:2006-05-15 发布日期:2006-05-25

Case study of human-centered simulation of human error in production cells

ZHANG Xiao-dong,YANG Yu,GUO Bo

Sch. of Mechanical Eng.,Chongqing Univ.,Chongqing 400030,China

Received:2005-12-09 Revised:2006-01-04 Online:2006-05-15 Published:2006-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究人的失误行为特点以及人因失误对生产单元的整体影响，提出了以人为中心、面向任务的生产单元人因失误对比仿真方法。以3维激光焊接生产单元为研究实例，首先，对比了人在传统生产单元和自治生产单元中的两种工作流程特点，基于有色时间Petri网分别建立了两种工作流程的任务网络模型。然后，系统地构建了工作时间、失误水平、废品率、失误损失当量等人因失误评价指标体系，提出了仿真参数和各评价指标的具体算法，并开发了人因失误动态仿真程序。最后，基于对仿真结果的统计学分析和讨论，给出了生产单元以人为中心的改进措施。实例研究表明，以人为中心、面向任务的人因失误仿真，可实现对工作者整体工作流程的分析、评价与改进，为发挥人的主动性、提高系统的可靠性和工作效率起到了重要的作用。

关键词: 生产单元, 人因失误, 以人为中心的仿真, 激光焊接

Abstract: In order to study human error behavior and its overall influence on production cells,a human-centered task-oriented comparative simulation approach with human error was proposed. Firstly,characteristics of conventional working process and autonomous working process of the worker in a 3D laser welding production cell were analyzed,and two task-network models were built based on timed stochastic colored Petri nets. Secondly,evaluation index system including working time,error level,defective rate,and error expense equivalents were systematically constructed. Simultaneously,concrete calculation algorithm for simulation parameters and evaluation index were worked out and a human error simulation system was developed. Finally,based on the statistics analysis and discussion of the simulation results,human error influences and human-centered improvement approaches for the production cell were studied and presented. The case study showed that human-centered task-oriented human error simulation was an effective approach to evaluate system reliability and improve human initiative,working efficiency and product quality.

Key words: production cell, human error, human-centered simulation, laser welding

中图分类号:

TH165

张晓冬，杨育，郭波. 以人为中心的生产单元人因失误仿真实例研究[J]. .

ZHANG Xiao-dong,YANG Yu,GUO Bo. Case study of human-centered simulation of human error in production cells[J]. .

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