Abstract: To solve the problems of manufacturing resources'flexible allocation and manufacturing ability's reasonable matching under Clouds Manufacturing(CMfg)environment, Virtual Manufacturing Unit in CMfg(VMU-CM)and Virtual Manufacturing Center in CMfg(VMC-CM)were put forward, and manufacturing process of products was given based on VMC-CM. The characteristics of manufacturing resources and manufacturing ability in CMfg were analyzed. Through classification on manufacturing resources and manufacturing ability, the structure and constructing processes of VMU-CM were given. According to information of manufacturing task, a new VMU-CM for manufacturing activities was constructed. Through production process, organization structure and external service information, various VMU-CMs were integrated to construct VMC-CM. Manufacturing ability of VMC-CM was encapsulated as manufacturing service, and the manufacturing resources virtualization process of “manufacturing resources-manufacturing abilities-manufacturing services” was achieved. Part of theories of VMU-CM and VMC-CM were applied in manufacturing ability standards and manufacturing service center of group-oriented cloud manufacturing platform, and the feasibility was verified.

Key words: cloud manufacturing, virtual manufacturing unit, manufacturing ability, manufacturing service

摘要： 为实现云制造环境下制造资源的灵活配置和制造能力的按需匹配，提出云制造环境中的虚拟制造单元（VMU-CM）和云制造环境中的虚拟制造中心(VMC-CM)，基于VMC-CM给出了产品的制造过程。对云制造环境下制造资源、制造能力的特点进行分析，对制造资源和制造能力进行具体分类，给出了VMU-CM的结构和构造流程，根据制造任务设定VMU-CM的信息，构造从事各类制造活动的VMU-CM。通过生产过程、组织结构和对外服务信息，将各类VMU-CM整合起来构建VMC-CM。将VMC-CM的制造能力信息封装为制造服务接入制造服务中心，实现了“制造资源—制造能力—制造服务”的制造资源虚拟化过程。通过VMU-CM和VMC-CM的部分理论在面向集团企业的云制造平台的制造能力标准制定和制造服务中心构建中的应用，证明了所提理论的可行性。

关键词: 云制造, 虚拟制造单元, 制造能力, 制造服务