Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low efficiency of steel plate and unbalance load of cutting machines in shipbuilding, a multi-objective optimization model of steel plate cutting plan with time constraint was constructed. Function objective of proposed model was to maximize the material utilization and equality rate by considering cutting time restraint, part space restraint and cutting capacity. A heuristics algorithm was used to reconstruct the parts, and an improved genetic algorithm combined with heuristics rules was put forward to solve the model. A shipyard's block steel plate cutting was taken as an example to obtain the optimal cutting plan and layout drawing by decomposing the monthly cutting planning of block parts to get weekly cutting planning. The result showed that it could improve the material utilization and equality rate of cutting machines in each unit time.

Key words: cutting, time constraint, genetic algorithms, heuristics packing rule

摘要： 针对船舶建造中钢板利用率低且切割机负荷不均衡等问题，研究建立了带时间属性的钢板切割计划多目标优化模型。模型综合考虑了切割时间约束、零件在母板上排样的空间约束和切割机能力约束，目标是最大化钢板利用率和切割机各单位时间内的负载均衡率。通过启发式算法实现零件的重构，并采用改进遗传算法结合启发式排样规则进行模型求解。以某船厂的分段钢板切割为例，将分段零件月计划作业量进行分解，获得周计划作业量，确定最优的切割计划和排样图。结果表明，所提方法可有效提高板材利用率和切割机在各单位时间内的负载均衡率。

关键词: 切割, 时间约束, 遗传算法, 启发式排样规则