Abstract: To analyze the effect of customer returns on retailer's inventory system, a retailer's optimal ordering decision model, a retailer's noncooperative game model with inventory competition and a transshipment game model between two locations were constructed. The analytical form of optimal ordering was given, and the influence of customer returns on retailer's optimal ordering as well as expected profit was verified. The analytical form of pure Nash equilibrium strategy's evidence theory and equilibrium ordering in inventory competition game was given. The pure Nash equilibrium strategy's existing basis and sufficient condition of existence and uniqueness in transshipment game model was derived, and analytical form of Nash equilibrium ordering was given. The intercomparsion relationship of retailer's optimal order quantity under three conditions was analyzed, and the evidence theory that regulating retailer inventory by transshipment prices was obtained. Thus, the reasonable setting for transshipment price could coordinate retailer's lateral transshipment and allocate system total expected profits effectively. Based on these conclusions, the effect of customer returns on retailer's expected profits was analyzed emphatically by numerical examples. The results demonstrated that the influence of customer returns for retailers was deteriorated because of inventory competition, but lateral transshipment could weaken the influence of customer returns for retailers.

Key words: supply chain management, lateral transshipment, customer returns, transshipment game, customer market search

摘要： 为反映顾客退货对零售商库存系统的影响，分别构建了含有顾客退货的零售商最优订货决策模型、零售商库存竞争的博弈模型和零售商转载博弈模型。给出了最优订货的解析形式，验证了顾客退货对零售商最优订货和期望利润的影响；给出了库存竞争博弈存在唯一纯战略纳什均衡的理论证据和均衡订货的解析形式；给出了转载博弈存在唯一纯战略纳什均衡的理论证据及其存在性与唯一性的充分条件，并给出了纳什均衡订货的解析形式。分析了三种情形下零售商最优订货量的相互比较关系，获取了转载价格能有效调节零售商库存的理论证据，进一步证明了合理设置转载价格能协调零售商横向转载和有效分配系统总的期望利润。数值算例则在验证以上结论的基础上，重点分析了顾客退货在各种情景下对零售商期望利润的影响。研究表明，零售商库存竞争在一定程度上恶化了顾客退货对零售商的影响，而横向转载则在一定程度上弱化了顾客退货对零售商的影响。

关键词: 供应链管理, 横向转载, 顾客退货, 转载博弈, 顾客市场搜寻